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Polyneuropathy

Polyneuropathy is a disease that affects the peripheral nerves, i.e. the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord. These nerves are responsible for transmitting signals between the central nervous system and the muscles, organs and sensory organs. If these nerves are damaged or disrupted, this can lead to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, paralysis, pain, numbness or tingling.

Causes of polyneuropathy in dogs

There are many possible causes of polyneuropathy in dogs, such as

  • Genetic defects or hereditary diseases
  • Infections caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi
  • Autoimmune diseases in which the immune system attacks its own nerves
  • Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism
  • Toxic substances, such as drugs, chemicals or plants
  • Traumatic injuries or compression of the nerves
  • Tumors or cancer that press on or infiltrate the nerves

Symptoms of polyneuropathy in dogs

The symptoms of polyneuropathy in dogs depend on which nerves are affected and how severe the damage is. The most common symptoms are:

  • Muscle weakness or atrophy, especially in the hind legs
  • Difficulty walking, standing or jumping
  • Loss of balance or coordination
  • Paralysis or immobility of the limbs or face
  • Pain or hypersensitivity in the affected areas
  • Numbness or tingling in the paws or muzzle
  • Loss of sense of smell, taste or hearing
  • Breathing problems or hoarseness
  • Changes in behavior or mood

Diagnosis of polyneuropathy in dogs

To diagnose polyneuropathy in dogs, the vet must carry out a thorough medical history and clinical examination. He will ask about possible causes, risk factors and symptoms and check the dog for neurological deficits. The following tests may also be carried out:

  • Blood tests to assess general health and look for signs of infection, inflammation, metabolic disorders or autoimmune diseases
  • Urinalysis to look for signs of diabetes mellitus or kidney disease
  • X-rays, ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) to look for signs of tumors, injuries or compression of the nerves
  • Electromyography (EMG) or nerve conduction velocity (NLG) to measure muscle and nerve function
  • Nerve biopsy to take a tissue sample from an affected nerve and examine it under a microscope

Treatment of polyneuropathy in dogs

The treatment of polyneuropathy in dogs depends on the underlying cause. The aim is to eliminate or control the cause and relieve the symptoms. Possible treatment options are:

  • Antibiotics, antivirals or antifungals to fight infections
  • Immunosuppressants or corticosteroids to treat autoimmune diseases
  • Insulin or other medications to regulate diabetes mellitus
  • Thyroid hormones or other medications to treat hypothyroidism
  • Detoxification or discontinuation of toxic substances
  • Surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy to remove or shrink tumors or cancer
  • Physiotherapy, massage or acupuncture to improve muscle function and reduce pain
  • Painkillers or anti-inflammatory medication to relieve the pain
  • Nutritional supplements or vitamins to promote nerve regeneration

Prognosis and prevention of polyneuropathy in dogs

The prognosis of polyneuropathy in dogs depends on the severity and progression of the disease. In some cases, full or partial recovery may be possible, in other cases the disease may progress or become chronic. The dog's quality of life and life expectancy can be improved by early diagnosis and treatment.

To prevent polyneuropathy in dogs, it is important to have the dog examined regularly by a vet and to look out for possible signs of the disease. The dog should also be protected from infections, injuries or poisoning and given a balanced diet and sufficient exercise. If the dog has a genetic predisposition to polyneuropathy, you should find out about the risks and possibilities of breeding advice.

The authors assume that a veterinarian should be consulted if an animal is ill and that medication should only be taken after consultation with a doctor or pharmacist. Only an individual examination can lead to a diagnosis and treatment decision.

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