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Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressants are drugs that suppress or weaken the immune system. They are often used in people who have received an organ transplant or suffer from autoimmune diseases. But did you know that dogs can also need immunosuppressants?

When does a dog need immunosuppressants?

There are various situations in which a dog needs immunosuppressants. For example, if it suffers from an autoimmune disease such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis or Addison's disease. In these diseases, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues, causing inflammation, pain and organ damage.

Another situation is when a dog has an allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. For example, if he has a bee sting or a food allergy. In this case, an immunosuppressant such as cortisone can help to reduce the swelling and itching and prevent anaphylactic shock.

What immunosuppressants are available for dogs?

There are different types of immunosuppressants for dogs, which are selected depending on the disease and its severity. The most common are:

  • Corticosteroids: These are hormones that are produced by the body itself and inhibit inflammation. They are often administered in the form of tablets, injections or ointments. Examples are prednisolone, dexamethasone or hydrocortisone.
  • Cytostatics: These are substances that inhibit cell division and therefore suppress the immune system. They are often administered in the form of tablets or infusions. Examples are azathioprine, cyclophosphamide or methotrexate.
  • Biologics: These are antibodies or proteins that specifically block certain immune cells or messenger substances. They are often administered in the form of injections or infusions. Examples are rituximab, infliximab or etanercept.

What are the risks and side effects of immunosuppressants in dogs?

Immunosuppressants can be very effective in dogs, but they also have risks and side effects. Because they weaken the immune system, they make the dog more susceptible to infections caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. It is therefore important to have the dog examined regularly by the vet and to look out for signs of fever, coughing, diarrhea or skin changes.

Immunosuppressants can also damage other organs, such as the liver, kidneys or bone marrow. It is therefore important to monitor the dog's blood values and look out for signs of loss of appetite, vomiting, weight loss or anaemia.

Immunosuppressants can also affect the dog's behavior. For example, corticosteroids can make the dog restless, hungry or thirsty. Cytostatics can make the dog tired, nauseous or depressed. Biologics can make the dog anxious, aggressive or sensitive to pain.

How can you help a dog that is taking immunosuppressants?

If your dog needs to take immunosuppressants, you can help him in various ways:

  • Follow the vet's instructions exactly regarding the dosage and schedule of the medication. Do not change the dose or stop the medication without authorization.
  • Keep to a balanced diet for your dog and avoid foods that can trigger allergies. Give him enough fresh water to drink.
  • Keep your dog away from other animals that may be sick or unvaccinated. Avoid places with lots of germs or parasites, such as public parks or animal shelters.
  • Maintain good hygiene for your dog and regularly clean his eyes, ears, teeth and paws. Use mild shampoos and grooming products for his coat.
  • Give your dog lots of love and attention and provide a stress-free environment. Play with him, take him for a walk and cuddle him.

Immunosuppressants can save lives in dogs, but they also require special care. By taking good care of your dog, you can help him improve his quality of life and manage his condition.

The authors assume that a veterinarian should be consulted if an animal is ill and that medication should only be taken after consultation with a doctor or pharmacist. Only an individual examination can lead to a diagnosis and treatment decision.

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