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Protein loss syndrome

A representation of Protein loss syndrome

Protein Loss Syndrome (PLS) is a condition that can occur in dogs when they lose too much protein through the urine or intestines. This can lead to various symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhea, edema, anemia and infections. In this blog post you will learn more about the causes, diagnosis and treatment of PLS in dogs.

What are the causes of PLS in dogs?

There are various possible causes of PLS in dogs, which can be differentiated according to the site of protein loss. If the protein is lost via the urine, this is known as proteinuria. This can be caused by diseases of the kidneys or urinary tract, such as

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is the term used when protein is lost via the intestine. This can be caused by diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as

How is PLS diagnosed in dogs?

In order to diagnose PLS in dogs, the degree of protein loss must first be determined. To do this, a blood test is carried out to measure the total protein and albumin in the serum. Albumin is an important component of blood protein that is responsible for fluid pressure in the blood vessels. If the albumin is too low, this can lead to edema, i.e. an accumulation of fluid in the tissue.

In order to determine the cause of the protein loss, it must then be established whether the protein loss occurs via the urine or the intestines. To do this, a urine test is carried out to measure the ratio of protein to creatinine in the urine. Creatinine is a breakdown product of muscle metabolism that is excreted via the kidneys. If the ratio of protein to creatinine in the urine is elevated, this indicates proteinuria.

To diagnose PLE, a fecal examination must be performed to measure the presence of alpha1-globulin in the feces. Alpha1-globulin is another component of blood protein that is not normally found in feces. If alpha1-globulin is detected in the feces, this indicates PLE.

Depending on the suspected underlying disease, further investigations may be required, such as:

  • Ultrasound or X-ray of the kidneys or abdomen
  • Biopsy or endoscopy of the kidneys or intestines
  • Bacteriological or parasitological examinations of the urine or feces
  • Allergy tests or exclusion diets

How is PLS treated in dogs?

The treatment of PLS in dogs depends on the cause and severity of the disease. The aim is to reduce protein loss and alleviate symptoms. Treatment may include the following measures:

  • Medication to treat the underlying condition, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressants or diuretics
  • Special feed with a high protein content and good digestibility to meet protein requirements and protect the intestines
  • Nutritional supplements with vitamins, minerals or omega-3 fatty acids to improve nutritional status and reduce inflammation
  • Fluid therapy to correct dehydration or edema
  • Blood transfusions for severe anemia

What is the prognosis of PLS in dogs?

The prognosis of PLS in dogs depends on the cause, severity and response to treatment. Some conditions are easier to treat than others, and some dogs may make a full recovery, while others may require lifelong therapy. Quality of life and life expectancy can vary depending on the case. It is important that you have your dog checked regularly by your vet and adjust their treatment if necessary.

The authors assume that a veterinarian should be consulted if an animal is ill and that medication should only be taken after consultation with a doctor or pharmacist. Only an individual examination can lead to a diagnosis and treatment decision.

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