Nephrotic syndrome

Causes of nephrotic syndrome in dogs

There are two diseases that usually cause nephrotic syndrome in dogs: Amyloidosis and glomerulonephritis (GN). In amyloidosis, fibrous tissue, known as amyloid, accumulates in your dog's organs, preventing them from functioning properly. GN is a disease that generally causes kidney inflammation. Both diseases can have a genetic component.

Chinese Shar-Peis are prone to familial amyloidosis. Walker Hounds, Beagles and Collies are most susceptible to acquired amyloidosis, another form of the disease. A form of GN known as familial GN is most common in the following breeds:

• Doberman Pinscher
• Cocker Spaniel
• Samoyed
• Greyhound
• Rottweiler
• Bernese Mountain Dog
• Wheaten Terrier

Other possible causes of nephrotic syndrome in dogs are

• Diabetes mellitus
• leishmaniasis
• Lupus erythematosus
• lymphoma
• Toxoplasmosis
• Medications such as NSAIDs or chemotherapy

Symptoms of nephrotic syndrome in dogs

The symptoms of nephrotic syndrome in dogs can vary depending on the cause. The most common symptoms of nephrotic syndrome in dogs include:

• Fluid buildup in the abdomen, which can cause your dog to look swollen or fat around the abdomen
• Breathing problems and excessive panting
• visual disturbances
• lethargy
• Loss of appetite and weight loss
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Skin problems such as hair loss or dandruff
• Blood in the urine or reduced urine volume

Diagnosis and treatment of nephrotic syndrome in dogs

To diagnose nephrotic syndrome in your dog, your vet will need to carry out blood tests and a urinalysis. Ultrasound examinations of the abdomen and biopsies of kidney tissue may be required. X-rays of the chest and abdomen are often required. Your vet will also need to measure your dog's blood pressure. If your dog has a family history of amyloidosis or GN, let your vet know.

Your dog may need to be hospitalized for a period of time after diagnosis so that the vets can stabilize his condition. Even if your dog is able to go home, you will still need to take steps to control his condition.

If your dog is suffering from high blood pressure, blood clots or fluid retention in the tissues, your vet will administer the appropriate treatments for these conditions. Your dog may need fluid therapy or antibiotics.

A change in diet is usually required; most dogs with nephrotic syndrome need to follow a low-sodium, low-protein diet. Your dog may also need to adhere to strict exercise restrictions.

The prognosis for dogs with nephrotic syndrome depends on the severity and cause of the condition. In some cases, nephrotic syndrome can be reversed if the underlying cause is treated. In other cases, nephrotic syndrome can lead to chronic kidney failure that requires lifelong treatment and monitoring.