Ehrlichiosis

What is ehrlichiosis?

Ehrlichiosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Ehrlichia, which occur in different species. The most common species that infects dogs is Ehrlichia canis, which is transmitted by the brown dog tick. This tick is mainly found in warm and humid regions such as the Mediterranean, Africa, Asia and South America. However, it can also be found in Europe and North America.

The bacteria penetrate the white blood cells and multiply there. They can damage the bone marrow, where new blood cells are formed. This can lead to a reduction in red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombocytopenia). These cells are important for oxygen transport, immune defense and blood clotting.

The bacteria can also infect other organs such as the spleen, liver, kidneys and brain and trigger inflammation. The consequences can be serious, such as organ failure, bleeding or neurological disorders.

How is ehrlichiosis recognized?

Ehrlichiosis occurs in three phases: the acute phase, the subclinical phase and the chronic phase. The symptoms can vary depending on the phase and severity.

Acute phase

The acute phase occurs about one to three weeks after infection and lasts for about two to four weeks. The symptoms are often non-specific and can easily be confused with other diseases. They can be

• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• weight loss
• lethargy
• nosebleeds
• bruising
• swelling of the lymph nodes
• Breathing difficulties
• joint pain
• Eye inflammation

Subclinical phase

The subclinical phase is a symptom-free phase that can last months or years. During this time, the bacteria are present in the body but are not active. The dog shows no signs of illness, but can infect other dogs or people.

Chronic phase

The chronic phase occurs when the dog's immune system is weakened or when treatment has not been successful. The symptoms are similar to the acute phase, but are often more severe and long-lasting. They can be

• Severe anemia
• Bleeding from various body orifices
• Kidney failure
• Liver failure
• Brain inflammation
• Seizures
• paralysis
• Death

How is ehrlichiosis treated?

Ehrlichiosis is treated with antibiotics, usually doxycycline or tetracycline. The duration of treatment depends on the phase and condition of the dog, but can last several weeks or months. It is important not to stop or interrupt treatment, as this can lead to a relapse or resistance.

In addition to antibiotics, the vet may also prescribe other medications to alleviate symptoms or prevent complications. For example, painkillers, anti-inflammatories, blood substitutes or immunosuppressants may be necessary.

The dog should be given plenty of rest during treatment and provided with sufficient water and food. It should also be taken to the vet regularly for blood tests to check the success of the treatment.

How can ehrlichiosis be prevented?

The best way to prevent ehrlichiosis is to protect your dog from ticks. There are various ways to do this, such as

• Tick collars
• spot-on preparations
• tablets
• sprays
• vaccinations

These products should be used regularly, especially during the tick season and in risk areas. However, they are not 100% effective, so the dog should be checked for ticks after every walk. If a tick is found, it should be removed as quickly as possible using tweezers or a special tick remover. Care should be taken to ensure that the tick's head is not stuck in the skin.

In addition, the dog should not come into contact with infected dogs or eat or drink from the same bowls. If the dog shows signs of ehrlichiosis, it should be taken to the vet immediately to get a diagnosis and treatment.