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Kidney failure

Kidney failure is a serious condition that can occur in dogs. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance and producing hormones. If kidney function is impaired, toxins can accumulate in the body and lead to life-threatening complications.

Causes of kidney failure in dogs

There are two types of kidney failure in dogs: acute and chronic. Acute kidney failure occurs suddenly and can be triggered by various factors, such as

  • Poisoning (e.g. by chocolate, rat poison, antifreeze, medication)
  • Infections (e.g. caused by leptospirosis, pyelonephritis, Lyme disease)
  • Shock or dehydration (e.g. due to blood loss, vomiting, diarrhea)
  • Kidney disease (e.g. due to kidney stones, kidney tumors, kidney damage)

Chronic kidney failure, on the other hand, develops over a longer period of time and is usually the result of a natural ageing process or a genetic predisposition. Chronic kidney failure cannot be cured, but with appropriate treatment, the progression of the disease can be slowed and the dog's quality of life improved.

Symptoms of kidney failure in dogs

The symptoms of kidney failure in dogs can vary depending on the severity and cause. The most common signs include:

If you notice one or more of these symptoms in your dog, you should take him to the vet as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can make the difference between life and death.

Diagnosis of kidney failure in dogs

To diagnose kidney failure in dogs, the vet will perform a series of tests, such as:

  • A physical examination to assess the dog's general condition
  • A blood test to measure the levels of creatinine, urea, phosphate and other substances that indicate impaired kidney function
  • A urinalysis to determine the density, pH, presence of protein, blood or bacteria in the urine
  • An ultrasound examination or X-ray to visualize the size, shape and structure of the kidneys

These tests will allow the vet to determine whether the kidney failure is acute or chronic, identify the possible cause and devise an appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment of kidney failure in dogs

The treatment of kidney failure in dogs depends on the type, cause and severity of the condition. Possible treatment options include:

  • Fluid therapy to replenish fluid loss, flush toxins from the body and stabilize blood pressure
  • Drug therapy to fight infections, relieve nausea, correct electrolyte balance and strengthen the immune system
  • Nutritional therapy to administer a special diet that is low in protein, phosphorus and sodium to relieve the kidneys and improve nutrition
  • Dialysis or a kidney transplant, which may be considered in severe cases or as a last resort to replace kidney function

The prognosis for dogs with kidney failure depends on various factors, such as age, health status, cause and response to treatment. Some dogs can live for many years with appropriate treatment, while others have a limited life expectancy. The most important thing is to give your dog lots of love and care and visit the vet regularly to monitor his condition.

The authors assume that a veterinarian should be consulted if an animal is ill and that medication should only be taken after consultation with a doctor or pharmacist. Only an individual examination can lead to a diagnosis and treatment decision.

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