Glycosaminoglycans

What are glycosaminoglycans?

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long chains of sugar molecules that can combine with proteins to form larger structures. These structures are called proteoglycans. GAGs and proteoglycans are important components of the extracellular matrix, i.e. the filling substance between the cells. They ensure that the matrix can bind water and remains elastic. They are also involved in many biological processes, such as cell division, wound healing and the inflammatory response.

There are different types of GAGs, which differ in their structure and function. The most important GAGs for dogs are

• Hyaluronic acid: This is mainly found in synovial fluid, the skin and the eye. It provides lubrication, moisture and elasticity.
• Chondroitin sulphate: This is mainly found in cartilage tissue. It provides strength and resilience.
• Keratan sulphate: It is mainly found in bones, tendons and corneas. It provides stability and flexibility.
• Dermatan sulphate: It is mainly found in the skin, blood vessels and heart valves. It provides structure and elasticity.
• Heparan sulphate: It is mainly found in the basement membrane, which separates the cells from their subsurface. It ensures filtering and signal transmission.

How do glycosaminoglycans affect your dog?

Glycosaminoglycans have many positive effects on your dog's health. For example, they can:

• Improve joint function: By lubricating and cushioning joints, GAGs can promote your dog's mobility and well-being. They can also relieve inflammation and pain caused by osteoarthritis or other joint conditions.
• Promote skin health: By helping the skin retain moisture and elasticity, GAGs can strengthen the skin barrier and reduce the risk of infection or allergies. They can also accelerate wound healing and improve the appearance of scars.
• Support eye health: By binding moisture and lubricating the eye, GAGs can protect the eye from dryness or irritation. They can also promote the healing of corneal injuries and reduce the risk of cataracts or glaucoma.

Do glycosaminoglycans also have disadvantages?

Glycosaminoglycans are not normally harmful to your dog. However, there are some factors that can affect their content or function. These include

• Age: As your dog ages, the production and quality of GAGs decreases. This can lead to a loss of water retention, elasticity and lubrication. This in turn can lead to damage to joints, skin or eyes.
• Expensive: Glycosaminoglycans are relatively expensive and not always easy to obtain.

They can also cause gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea or nausea in some dogs. They should also not be used in dogs that are allergic to any of the ingredients.