Diabetes

Causes of diabetes in dogs

The exact causes of diabetes in dogs are not always known, but there are some factors that can increase the risk. These include:

• Obesity: overweight dogs are more likely to develop diabetes as the fatty tissue reduces the cells' sensitivity to insulin.
• Age: Older dogs are more susceptible to diabetes as insulin production decreases over time.
• Breed: Some dog breeds have a genetic predisposition to diabetes, such as poodles, beagles, dachshunds or Labrador retrievers.
• Gender: Female dogs are more often affected by diabetes than male dogs, especially if they are not neutered.
• Medication: Certain medications can interfere with insulin action or increase blood sugar levels, such as cortisone or hormones.
• Diseases: Other diseases can also lead to diabetes, such as pancreatitis, Cushing's syndrome or hypothyroidism.

Symptoms of diabetes in dogs

The symptoms of diabetes in dogs can vary depending on the severity and duration of the disease. The most common signs are

• Increased thirst and urination: As the high blood sugar levels are excreted through the kidneys, your dog will need to drink and urinate more than normal.
• Weight loss: Despite the increased appetite, your dog may lose weight because he cannot get enough energy from the sugar.
• Fatigue and weakness: Your dog may appear lethargic and listless because he doesn't have enough energy.
• Vomiting and diarrhea: Your dog may have gastrointestinal problems as the high blood sugar levels interfere with digestion.
• Infections and poor wound healing: Your dog may be more susceptible to infections as the immune system is weakened. In addition, wounds heal more slowly as blood circulation is impaired.
• Vision problems: Your dog may have vision problems as the high blood sugar level damages the eyes. This can lead to cataracts (cataracts) or blindness.

Diagnosis of diabetes in dogs

If you notice one or more of the above symptoms in your dog, you should take him to the vet as soon as possible. The vet will perform a thorough examination and run some tests to confirm the diagnosis. These include:

• Blood test: The blood test measures your dog's blood sugar level. A normal level is between 80 and 120 mg/dl. A level above 200 mg/dl indicates diabetes.
• Urine test: The urine test checks whether sugar is present in your dog's urine. Normally there should be no sugar in the urine. If there is, it means that the blood sugar level is too high.
• Fructosamine test: The fructosamine test measures your dog's average blood sugar level over the past two to three weeks. This test is useful for assessing the progression of the disease and adjusting treatment.

Treatment of diabetes in dogs

Diabetes in dogs cannot be cured, but with appropriate treatment your dog can lead a normal and happy life. Treatment consists of:

• Insulin therapy: Insulin therapy is the most important measure to lower and stabilize your dog's blood sugar levels. You will need to inject your dog with insulin daily, usually twice a day. The vet will show you how to do this correctly and how to determine the right dose.
• Dietary changes: Dietary changes are also important to control your dog's blood sugar levels. You should give your dog a special diet food that is low in carbohydrates and high in protein. You should also weigh the food portions precisely and feed them at fixed times to avoid fluctuations.
• Exercise: Exercise is good for your dog's health and well-being. You should take your dog for regular walks or play with him to keep him fit. However, you should not overdo the exercise or change it suddenly, as this can affect blood sugar levels.
• Monitoring: Monitoring is necessary to observe your dog's condition and adjust treatment. You should regularly measure your dog's blood glucose levels, either with a special device or with test strips. You should also pay attention to symptoms and take your dog to the vet regularly.