Can have a negative effect on cholesterol levels
If you come across the statement "May adversely affect cholesterol levels" in your dog's diet, it means that certain ingredients in the food could potentially raise your dog's cholesterol levels in an undesirable way. As with humans, high cholesterol levels can also lead to health problems in dogs, such as cardiovascular disease.
Fats, especially saturated fats and trans fats, are often responsible for raising cholesterol levels. So if you notice that your dog's food contains high amounts of such fats, this could be the reason for the warning.
It is important that you make sure your dog has a balanced diet. High cholesterol doesn't have to be an immediate concern, but it is useful to keep an eye on such factors. If you have concerns or if your dog already has health problems, you should consult a vet. The vet can make specific dietary recommendations and suggest a different food if necessary.