Symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy

What is SLO?

SLO is an autoimmune disease in which the dog's immune system recognizes the claws as foreign and attacks them. This leads to impaired formation of the claw matrix, which is responsible for the growth and stability of the claws. This results in claw damage such as cracks, splintering, bleeding, infections and the entire claw falling off.

SLO usually affects all four paws and all claws equally, hence the name symmetrical. Lupoid refers to the suspicion that the condition is related to another autoimmune disease called lupus. Onychodystrophy simply means a malformation of the claws.

How is SLO diagnosed?

The diagnosis of SLO is based on medical history, clinical examination and a biopsy of an affected claw. The history can provide clues to the onset and progression of the disease, for example when the first symptoms appeared, whether they worsened or whether there were periods of improvement. Clinical examination may reveal the typical features of SLO, such as inflammation, swelling, redness and scabs on the claw beds, as well as deformed or missing claws.

However, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other possible causes of claw damage, such as fungal infections, tumors or trauma. During a biopsy, a small sample is taken from a claw and examined under a microscope. The characteristic changes in the claw can be seen, which indicate an autoimmune reaction.

How is SLO treated?

Treatment for SLO aims to reduce inflammation, relieve pain and modulate the immune system. There is no cure for SLO, but with appropriate therapy, the disease can be controlled and the dog's quality of life can be improved.

Treatment usually consists of a combination of medication and care. Medications include anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine or azathioprine, and antibiotics for secondary infections. Care measures include regular trimming of the claws, cleaning and disinfecting the claw beds, applying ointments or creams to promote healing and avoiding trauma or irritation to the paws.

Treatment must be individualized to the dog and may vary depending on severity and response. Some dogs require lifelong therapy, others can be discontinued after a certain period of time. It is important that the treatment is carried out under the supervision of a vet and is reviewed regularly.

How can you help your dog?

If your dog suffers from SLO, you can help him by giving him lots of love and care and supporting his treatment. Here are some tips on how to make your dog's life easier:

• Be patient and understanding with your dog. He is in pain and may be anxious or depressed. Give him lots of attention and affection and try not to stress or overwhelm him.
• Stick to the treatment plan your vet has suggested. Give your dog the medication as prescribed and follow the instructions for caring for his paws. Inform your vet of any changes or side effects you notice in your dog.
• Protect your dog's paws from injury or irritation. Avoid walking or playing with your dog on rough or hard surfaces. If necessary, put shoes or socks on him to protect his claws. Keep his paws clean and dry and trim his nails regularly.
• Promote your dog's health and well-being. Feed him a balanced, high-quality diet that supports his immune function. Provide him with sufficient exercise and activity adapted to his condition. Provide a pleasant and stress-free environment for your dog.