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Spinal cord

The spinal cord is an important part of the nervous system in dogs. It connects the brain with the rest of the body and enables the control of movements, reflexes and sensations. In this article, you will learn more about the function, anatomy and most common diseases of the spinal cord in dogs.

Function of the spinal cord

The spinal cord is an extension of the brain that runs through the spinal canal. It consists of nerve cells that transmit electrical signals between the brain and the body. The spinal cord is divided into different sections, each of which is responsible for specific parts of the body. For example, the cervical section is responsible for the front legs, the thoracic section for the trunk and the lumbar section for the hind legs.

The spinal cord is also involved in the execution of reflexes, which are automatic reactions to stimuli. For example, a dog pulls its paw back when it steps on something sharp without having to think about it. Reflexes are controlled by the spinal cord without the brain being involved.

Anatomy of the spinal cord

The spinal cord is surrounded by three layers that protect and nourish it. The innermost layer is called the pia mater and lies directly against the spinal cord. The middle layer is called the arachnoid and contains a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. The outermost layer is called the dura mater and forms a solid sheath around the spinal cord.

The spinal cord has a central canal that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid serves as a shock absorber and means of transportation for nutrients and waste products. The spinal cord also has two roots that extend from each vertebra. The anterior root contains motor nerve fibers that carry signals from the brain to the muscles. The posterior root contains sensory nerve fibers that carry signals from the sensory organs to the brain.

Diseases of the spinal cord

The spinal cord can be damaged by various factors, such as trauma, infection, inflammation, tumor or degeneration. The consequences of spinal cord damage depend on the severity, location and duration of the damage. Possible symptoms are

  • Pain
  • weakness
  • paralysis
  • Loss of sensation
  • Loss of reflexes
  • Incontinence
  • Changes in behavior

Spinal cord damage is diagnosed by means of a clinical examination, a neurological examination and imaging procedures such as X-rays, ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The treatment of spinal cord damage depends on the cause and extent of the damage. Possible treatment methods are

  • Medication
  • surgery
  • physiotherapy
  • acupuncture
  • stem cell therapy

The prognosis of spinal cord injury depends on many factors, such as the dog's age, health status and response to treatment. Some dogs may make a full or partial recovery, while others may have permanent impairments.

The authors assume that a veterinarian should be consulted if an animal is ill and that medication should only be taken after consultation with a doctor or pharmacist. Only an individual examination can lead to a diagnosis and treatment decision.

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