Progressive retinal atrophy

What is progressive retinal atrophy?

Progressive retinal atrophy is a degeneration of the retina, which is responsible for vision. The retina consists of cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain. These cells are called photoreceptors and are divided into two types: Rods and cones. The rods are responsible for seeing in the dark, while the cones are responsible for seeing in light and color.

In PRA, these cells gradually die off, which leads to impaired vision. The rods are usually affected first, leading to night blindness. Later, the cones are also affected, which leads to day blindness and eventually to complete blindness.

PRA is a hereditary disease that can be caused by various genetic defects. There are various forms of PRA, which differ in the way they are inherited, the age of onset and the course of the disease. PRA can affect almost any breed of dog, but some breeds are more common or more susceptible to it than others.

How can Progressive Retinal Atrophy be recognized?

The symptoms of PRA can vary depending on the form and stage of the disease. The first signs are usually reduced vision in the dark or at dusk. The dog may appear insecure or anxious when moving around in dark rooms or outdoors. It may also bump into objects more frequently or appear disoriented.

Over time, the visual impairment may also become noticeable in daylight. The dog may have difficulty recognizing or tracking objects or people. He may also be less interested in games or activities that require his eyesight.

Another symptom of PRA is a change in the color or shine of the eyes. The dog's pupils may become permanently dilated or unresponsive to light. The eyes may also have a gray or blue cast or look cloudy. This is because a tissue called a cataract forms behind the lens of the eye and obstructs vision.

PRA is a painless condition that does not directly affect the dog. However, it can lead to a deterioration in quality of life as the dog can no longer perceive its surroundings. It can also lead to secondary diseases such as glaucoma, which is painful and can damage the eyeball.

How is progressive retinal atrophy diagnosed?

PRA is diagnosed by an ophthalmologic examination by a vet. The retina is examined with a special device (ophthalmoscope) to detect changes or damage. An electroretinogram (ERG) is also carried out to measure the function of the photoreceptors.

Another way to diagnose PRA is a genetic test. This can be carried out on certain breeds that are known to have a specific genetic defect that causes PRA. The genetic test can be carried out using a blood sample or a cheek swab and can provide information about the inheritance and risk of PRA.

How is progressive retinal atrophy treated?

Unfortunately, there is currently no cure or therapy for PRA. The disease cannot be stopped or reversed. Treatment is therefore aimed at maintaining the dog's quality of life and avoiding possible complications.

The dog should be examined regularly by a vet to monitor the progression of PRA and to detect and treat secondary diseases such as cataracts or glaucoma at an early stage. These can be surgically removed or controlled with medication to prevent pain or further damage to the eye.

The dog should also be adapted to its new situation to make life easier for it. This includes not changing or rearranging his environment too often so that he does not get lost or injured. You should also give him clear signals or commands to guide or warn him. You should also give him lots of love and attention to boost his confidence and well-being.

PRA is a serious disease that affects a dog's vision. It cannot be cured, but the dog can be helped to cope with it and lead a happy life.