Parvovirus

What is parvovirosis?

Parvovirosis is caused by the canine parvovirus (CPV), which is spread worldwide. The virus attacks the cells of the gastrointestinal tract, the bone marrow and the immune system. This leads to severe inflammation and bleeding in the intestines, a weakening of the immune system and possible inflammation of the heart muscle. If left untreated, parvovirus can lead to the dog's death.

How do dogs become infected with parvovirus?

The canine parvovirus is very resistant and can survive in the environment for a long time. Infection usually occurs through direct contact with infected dogs or their excrement (feces, vomit, saliva). The virus can also be transmitted indirectly, for example through contaminated objects, shoes or hands. The virus can also pass from the mother to the puppies.

What are the symptoms of parvovirosis?

The first symptoms of parvovirosis usually appear four to seven days after infection. They can vary depending on the dog's age, state of health and immune status. Typical signs are

• Fever
• fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• vomiting
• Diarrhea (often bloody and foul-smelling)
• dehydration
• Pain in the abdominal area
• anaemia
• Susceptibility to infections

In puppies, the virus can also attack the heart and lead to inflammation of the heart muscle, which is often fatal.

How is parvovirus diagnosed?

If you notice one or more of the above symptoms in your dog, you should consult a vet immediately. Vomiting and diarrhea can have many causes, but parvovirus is life-threatening. The vet will carry out a thorough examination and ask you about your dog's vaccination status, contact with other dogs and the onset of symptoms. To confirm or rule out parvovirus, he may order the following tests:

• Rapid test: Using a special test strip, the virus can be detected in the feces. This test is simple and quick, but not always reliable.
• Blood test: A blood test shows typical changes such as a lack of white and red blood cells and platelets. The virus can also be detected directly in the blood.
• X-ray: An X-ray of the abdomen can provide indications of intestinal inflammation or an intestinal obstruction.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound examination of the abdomen can also show intestinal inflammation or an intestinal obstruction. The heart can also be examined.

How is parvovirosis treated?

Parvovirosis is a serious disease that requires intensive veterinary treatment. There is no specific medication against the virus itself, so treatment is aimed at alleviating the symptoms and preventing secondary infections. Treatment usually includes:

• Fluid therapy: to compensate for fluid and electrolyte loss, the dog is given infusions of saline or other solutions.
• Antibiotics: To prevent or treat bacterial infections, the dog is given antibiotics. These must be given exactly as directed by the vet.
• Painkillers: To relieve pain in the gastrointestinal tract, the dog is given painkillers. These must not be given without a veterinary prescription.
• Antiemetics: To stop vomiting, the dog is given medication that suppresses nausea. These must also not be given without a veterinary prescription.
• Food: To protect the intestines, the dog is initially given no food. As soon as the vomiting stops, it can slowly be fed easily digestible food again. This should be given in small portions several times a day.

Treatment for parvovirus can take several days to weeks. During this time, the dog must be kept isolated from other dogs to prevent further infection. In addition, the environment must be thoroughly disinfected to eliminate the virus.

Can parvovirosis in dogs be cured?

The chances of curing parvovirosis depend on various factors, such as age, state of health, immune status and the timing of treatment. The earlier treatment begins, the better the prospects. In general, puppies and unvaccinated dogs have a higher risk of dying from parvovirosis. The mortality rate for these groups is up to 90%. In vaccinated and older dogs, the mortality rate is around 10%.

Dogs that survive parvovirosis are usually immune to the virus. However, they can continue to shed the virus for several weeks and infect other dogs. They should therefore continue to be isolated and examined regularly.

How can I protect my dog from parvovirus?

The best prevention against parvovirosis is regular vaccination. Vaccination against canine parvovirus is one of the so-called core vaccinations that are recommended for every dog. The first vaccination is usually given at the age of six to eight weeks, followed by two to three repeat vaccinations at intervals of three to four weeks. After that, the vaccination should be boostered every one to three years.

In addition to the vaccination, you should take the following measuresto protect your dog from parvovirosis:

• Avoid contact with sick or unvaccinated dogs.
• Keep your dog away from places where many dogs come together, such as parks, playgrounds or animal shelters.
• Clean and disinfect your dog's bowls, toys and lying areas regularly.
• Always wash your hands before touching your dog, especially if you have had contact with other dogs.
• Find out about the health and vaccination status of dogs you want to bring your dog together with.