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Methotrexate

Methotrexate is a drug that is used to treat various types of cancer and inflammatory diseases. It is a cytostatic drug that inhibits or kills the growth of cells. Methotrexate can also be used in dogs if they suffer from certain tumors or autoimmune diseases. In this article, you can find out more about the effects, use and possible side effects of methotrexate in dogs.

Effect of methotrexate

Methotrexate works by interfering with the formation of folic acid in the cells. Folic acid is an important building block for DNA and RNA, which are required for cell division and gene expression. Without folic acid, cells can no longer multiply and die. This mainly affects fast-growing cells, such as cancer cells or immune cells. Methotrexate can therefore slow down or stop the growth of tumors and suppress the inflammatory reaction of the immune system.

Use of methotrexate

Methotrexate is usually administered as a tablet or injection. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on the type and stage of the disease, the weight and general condition of the dog. Methotrexate is often given in combination with other medications to increase efficacy or reduce side effects. The duration of treatment can range from a few weeks to several months or years.

Side effects of methotrexate

Methotrexate can cause various side effects, some of which can be severe. The most common include:

  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Loss of appetite, weight loss
  • tiredness, weakness
  • Anemia, tendency to bleed
  • susceptibility to infection
  • Liver and kidney damage
  • hair loss
  • Skin rash, itching
  • Mouth ulcers

To reduce the side effects, you should offer your dog sufficient water, ensure a balanced diet and have regular blood tests carried out. You should also give your dog folic acid as a dietary supplement to compensate for the folic acid deficiency. However, this should only be done under the instruction of your vet, as too high a dose of folic acid can impair the effect of methotrexate.

Methotrexate is an effective drug for the treatment of various cancers and inflammatory diseases in dogs. However, it also has significant side effects that require careful monitoring and adjustment of the therapy.

The authors assume that a veterinarian should be consulted if an animal is ill and that medication should only be taken after consultation with a doctor or pharmacist. Only an individual examination can lead to a diagnosis and treatment decision.

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