Immunoglobulins

The different types of immunoglobulins

There are five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. Each class has a specific structure and binds to specific antigens.

• IgA is the most important immunoglobulin in the external mucous membranes, such as the skin or intestines. It protects your dog from bacteria and viruses that try to penetrate these barriers.
• IgD is mainly found on the surface of B cells, which are responsible for the production of antibodies. It plays a role in activating the immune system.
• IgE is involved in allergic reactions. It binds to mast cells and basophils, which can release histamine. Histamine causes itching, swelling and inflammation.
• IgG is the most common immunoglobulin in your dog's blood serum. It can recognize and neutralize various antigens or mark them for destruction by other immune cells.
• IgM is the first immunoglobulin produced during an infection. It forms large complexes with antigens and activates the complement system, which plays an important role in the defense against pathogens.

The benefits of immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulins are essential for your dog's health. They help him

• defend itself against infections,
• build up an immunological memory,
• control allergic reactions,
• prevent autoimmune diseases.

Without sufficient amounts of immunoglobulins, your dog would be more susceptible to disease or could even develop life-threatening conditions.

The disadvantages of immunoglobulins

However, immunoglobulins can also cause problems if they are not working properly or are imbalanced.

Possible disadvantages include:

• Hypersensitivity reactions: If your dog produces too much or too little IgE, or if he reacts to harmless substances (such as pollen or food), he may show allergic symptoms (such as itching or difficulty breathing).
• Immune-mediated diseases: If your dog makes antibodies against his own cells or tissues (such as red blood cells or joints), he may develop autoimmune diseases (such as hemolytic anemia or polyarthritis).
• Susceptibility to infections: If your dog has a deficiency in a certain class of immunoglobulins (such as IgA), he may suffer more frequently from infections (such as skin infections or diarrhea).

How to boost your dog's immune system

There are various ways in which you can strengthen and support your dog's immune system. These include

• A balanced diet: Your dog needs a high-quality diet that contains all the important nutrients. Make sure it contains a high proportion of meat and avoid sugar, grains and artificial additives.
• Sufficient exercise: Your dog needs regular physical activity to stay fit and healthy. Exercise promotes blood circulation, metabolism and oxygen supply to the cells.
• A stress-free environment: Your dog needs peace and security to feel comfortable. Avoid constant stress, which can put a strain on the immune system. Ensure a fixed daily routine, sufficient sleep and positive stimuli.
• Appropriate vaccination: Your dog needs protection against dangerous diseases such as distemper or parvovirosis. Ask your vet for advice on which vaccinations are appropriate for your dog and how often they need to be boosted.
• Natural support: You can also boost your dog's immune system with natural remedies. These include, for example, zinc (which has an antiviral effect), colostrum (which is rich in immunoglobulins) or herbs (which have an anti-inflammatory effect).