Hypoglycemia

Causes of hypoglycemia in dogs

Blood sugar levels are regulated by the hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. Insulin ensures that sugar is transported from the blood into the cells, where it is used as an energy source. If the blood sugar level is too high, for example after a meal, the pancreas releases more insulin. If the blood sugar level is too low, for example after a long period of fasting or during physical exertion, the pancreas releases less insulin.

Hypoglycemia can occur in dogs if:

• they have been given too little food or have not eaten for too long
• they have been given too much insulin (e.g. diabetes mellitus)
• they have vomited or had diarrhea and have lost fluids and electrolytes as a result
• they suffer from a liver or kidney disease that impairs glucose production or utilization
• they have a tumor that produces insulin or lowers blood glucose levels (for example an insulinoma)

Symptoms of hypoglycemia in dogs

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can vary depending on the severity and cause. Typical signs are

• Weakness
• trembling
• panting
• restlessness
• Disorientation
• Staggering
• Seizures
• Unconsciousness
• coma

Hypoglycemia can be life-threatening if not treated in time. You should therefore take your dog to the vet immediately if you notice one or more of these symptoms.

Treatment of hypoglycemia in dogs

The treatment of hypoglycemia depends on the cause and your dog's condition. As a general rule:

• If your dog is still conscious and able to swallow, you should give him something sweet, for example honey, dextrose or syrup. This helps to raise the blood sugar level quickly.
• If your dog is unconscious or unable to swallow, you should not give him anything in his mouth as he could choke. Instead, you should rub something sweet on his gums or give him a glucose injection under the skin (if you have received this from the vet).
• If your dog has diabetes mellitus and has been given too much insulin, you should not give him extra insulin until his blood sugar levels are back to normal.
• If your dog has another condition or a tumor that caused the hypoglycemia, you should treat the underlying cause.

Preventing hypoglycaemia in dogs

To prevent hypoglycemia in your dog, you should take the following measures:

• Feed your dog a regular and balanced diet. Avoid too large portions or too long periods of fasting.
• Monitor your dog's blood sugar levels regularly, especially if they have diabetes mellitus or are on medication that can affect their blood sugar levels.
• Follow your vet's instructions regarding insulin dosage and administration if your dog has diabetes mellitus.
• Watch for signs of vomiting or diarrhea in your dog and make sure he is getting enough fluids and electrolytes.
• Have your dog examined regularly to detect and treat possible diseases or tumors at an early stage.