Herpes virus

What is canine herpesvirus?

The canine herpes virus belongs to the family of herpes viruses, which can also cause various diseases in humans. The special thing about these viruses is that they remain in the host's body for life after an initial infection and can become active again if the immune system is weakened. However, the canine herpes virus cannot be transmitted to humans and vice versa.

The canine herpes virus is mainly transmitted through direct contact with infected dogs, for example through coughing, sneezing, licking or sniffing. The virus can also pass from the mother to the puppies during mating or birth.

What are the symptoms of canine herpesvirus?

The symptoms of canine herpesvirus depend on the age and health of the dog. Adult dogs often show no or only mild signs of infection, such as

• Coughing
• sneezing
• Nasal or eye discharge
• Inflammation of the eyelids, conjunctiva or cornea
• Blisters on the vaginal or penile mucosa

In pregnant bitches, the herpes virus can lead to miscarriages, stillbirths or resorption of embryos. This means that the embryos die and are broken down again by the bitch's body.

In puppies under three weeks of age, the herpes virus is particularly dangerous and often fatal. The puppies show the following symptoms

• Loss of appetite
• diarrhea
• vomiting
• Bloated belly
• Shortness of breath
• Punctual bleeding into the skin
• Cramps
• Lethargy

How is canine herpesvirus diagnosed?

If you notice signs of herpesvirus infection in your dog, you should see a vet as soon as possible. The vet will perform a physical examination and ask you about your dog's medical history. They may also carry out a blood test or take a swab from the affected mucous membranes to detect the herpes virus.

How is canine herpesvirus treated?

Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for canine herpesvirus. The aim is to alleviate the symptoms and prevent secondary infections. The vet may prescribe the following medication for your dog:

• Antivirals to inhibit the replication of the virus
• Antibiotics to fight bacterial infections
• Painkillers to reduce the discomfort
• Eye drops or ointments to treat the eye inflammation

In addition, you should make sure that your dog gets enough fluids and food and rests in a warm and quiet environment. Also avoid contact with other dogs that may be infected or do not have sufficient immunity.

Unfortunately, the prognosis for puppies is very poor. Most puppies die within a few days of the onset of symptoms. Intensive veterinary care can increase the chances of survival somewhat, but cannot guarantee it.

How can canine herpesvirus be prevented?

The best prevention against canine herpesvirus is vaccination. There is a special vaccine for bitches that are pregnant, whether planned or unplanned. The vaccination should be given twice during pregnancy to stimulate the formation of antibodies, which are then passed on to the puppies via the placenta and the mother's milk. This protects the puppies from the herpes virus in the first few weeks of life.

If you are planning to breed, you should also make sure that both parents are healthy and free from herpes viruses. You can have them tested for the virus before mating or only breed with dogs that have already been vaccinated.

If you buy a puppy, you should ask the breeder about the mother's vaccination status and ask to see her vaccination certificate. In addition, you should only separate your puppy from its mother after the eighth week of life to give it enough time to build up its own immune system.