Heart valve

What is valvular heart disease?

Heart valve diseases are disorders that change the shape or function of the heart valves. The heart valves are thin membranes that lie between the heart chambers or between the heart chambers and the large blood vessels. They open and close in synchronization with the heartbeat, preventing the blood from flowing backwards.

There are two main types of valvular heart disease in dogs:

• Degenerative valvular heart disease: This involves deterioration of the heart valve structure, usually due to ageing or genetic factors. The most common form is mitral valve endocardiosis, which affects the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. The valve becomes thicker, misshapen and leaky, forcing blood back into the atrium.
• Congenital valvular heart disease: This is when the heart valves are malformed or not properly developed from birth. The most common form is pulmonary stenosis, which causes a narrowing of the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The valve may be too small, too thick or too inflexible, preventing blood from reaching the lungs properly.

How do you recognize valvular heart disease in dogs?

The symptoms of valvular heart disease in dogs depend on the severity, location and progression of the disease. Some dogs show no or only mild signs, while others may have severe symptoms. The most common symptoms include

• Coughing
• shortness of breath
• weakness
• fatigue
• weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Blue coloration of the mucous membranes
• Fainting
• Bloated abdomen

To diagnose heart valve disease in your dog, your vet will perform a thorough clinical examination and listen for an abnormal heart murmur. They may also order further tests, such as

• Chest X-rays
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart)
• Blood tests

How is valvular heart disease treated in dogs?

The treatment of valvular heart disease in dogs depends on the type, extent and stage of the disease. The aim is to relieve symptoms, slow progression and prevent complications. Treatment may include the following:

• Medication: there are several medications that can help your dog's heart pump better, lower blood pressure, reduce fluid retention or thin the blood.
• Diet: Your dog should be fed a balanced diet that is low in salt and fat. You should also make sure that your dog does not become overweight, as this puts additional strain on his heart.
• Exercise: Your dog should get regular moderate exercise to strengthen his muscles and circulation. However, you should make sure that he does not overexert himself or become stressed.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the heart valve. However, this is a risky and expensive procedure that is only performed in selected cases.

How can you prevent heart valve disease in dogs?

Most valvular heart disease in dogs is not preventable as it is caused by ageing or genetic factors. However, you can take some steps to reduce the risk or detect the disease early:

• Have your dog checked regularly by a vet, especially as they get older or belong to an at-risk breed.
• Watch for signs of heart problems in your dog and see a vet immediately if you notice anything unusual.
• Keep your dog healthy by giving him a good diet, plenty of exercise and lots of love.