Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a condition that affects the nervous system of dogs and can lead to repeated seizures. In this article you will learn what epilepsy in dogs is, how it is diagnosed and treated and how you can help your dog in the event of a seizure.
What is epilepsy in dogs?
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This activity can lead to convulsions, twitching, loss of consciousness or other symptoms known as seizures. There are different types of epilepsy in dogs, which can be differentiated according to the cause, frequency and severity of the seizures.
Idiopathic epilepsy
Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy in dogs. It has no known cause and is probably influenced by genetic factors. Idiopathic epilepsy usually occurs between the first and fifth year of life and may be more common in certain breeds, such as the Beagle, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever or German Shepherd.
Symptomatic epilepsy
Symptomatic epilepsy is a form of epilepsy that is caused by an underlying disease or injury to the brain. This can include, for example, tumors, inflammation, infections, strokes or poisoning. Symptomatic epilepsy can occur at any age and requires a thorough examination to find and treat the cause.
Reactive epilepsy
Reactive epilepsy is a form of epilepsy that is triggered by a transient trigger that affects the brain. This can include, for example, low blood sugar, high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances or medication. Reactive epilepsy can occur at any age and usually disappears when the trigger is removed.
How is epilepsy diagnosed in dogs?
The diagnosis of epilepsy in dogs is based on the medical history, clinical examination and, if necessary, further tests. It is important to document the type, frequency and duration of the seizures and report them to the vet. The vet will examine the dog for possible neurological or systemic disease and may take blood or urine samples. In some cases, brain imaging such as an x-ray, ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also be required.
How is epilepsy in dogs treated?
The treatment of epilepsy in dogs depends on the type, frequency and severity of the seizures. In some cases, treatment may not be necessary if the seizures are infrequent and mild. In other cases, drug therapy may be required to reduce or prevent the seizures. This may include, for example, anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital or potassium bromide. The medication must be administered regularly and can have side effects such as fatigue, weight gain or liver damage. Dogs must therefore be regularly monitored by a vet.
In addition to drug therapy, other measures can also help to control epilepsy in dogs. These include
- A balanced diet with high-quality food
- Regular exercise with moderate intensity
- A stress-free environment with few stimuli
- Good hygiene and parasite control
- Regular vaccination and deworming
How can I help my dog in the event of a seizure?
If your dog has a seizure, it is important to stay calm and help him. The following steps can help you:
- Take your dog to a safe place where he cannot hurt himself
- Remove all objects that he could swallow or bite
- Talk to him reassuringly, but avoid touching or moving him
- Note the duration and type of seizure
- Contact your vet if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, if your dog has several seizures in a row or if he does not recover after the seizure
Epilepsy in dogs is a serious condition that requires appropriate diagnosis and treatment. However, with the right care, you can give your dog a happy and healthy life.
The authors assume that a veterinarian should be consulted if an animal is ill and that medication should only be taken after consultation with a doctor or pharmacist. Only an individual examination can lead to a diagnosis and treatment decision.
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