Cold extremities

Why does my dog have cold paws or ears?

The body temperature of a healthy dog is between 38 and 39 degrees Celsius. This is slightly higher than for us humans, who normally have between 36 and 37 degrees. However, the temperature can vary depending on breed, age, activity and environment. The ears and paws are particularly sensitive to temperature fluctuations as they contain many blood vessels that can dilate or constrict as required.

There are various factors that can influence a dog's sensitivity to the cold:

• Coat texture: dogs with dense undercoats are better protected from the cold than dogs with thin or short coats. The color of the coat can also play a role, as dark colors absorb more heat than light colors.
• Origin: Dogs with southern origins are more adapted to warm temperatures than dogs from colder regions such as sled dogs or Bernese mountain dogs.
• Age: Older dogs often have a slower metabolism and poorer circulation, which can lead to cold extremities. Puppies are also not yet fully developed and can therefore cool down more quickly.
• Health: Illnesses or injuries can lead to fever or hypothermia, which can result in hot or cold extremities. Blood clots, heart problems or local inflammation can also affect blood circulation.
• The environment: Cold, wet or windy weather conditions can lower a dog's body temperature, especially if they are outside for long periods or have little exercise.

How do I know if my dog is cold or hypothermic?

To know if your dog is cold or hypothermic, you should not only feel his extremities, but also look for other signs. A dog that is cold often shows the following symptoms:

• Shivering
• Goose bumps
• Tail curled up
• Curled up posture
• Searching for heat sources
• Decreased activity
• Loss of appetite

A dog that is hypothermic has a dangerously low body temperature of below 37 degrees Celsius. This can be life-threatening and requires immediate veterinary attention. A hypothermic dog often shows the following symptoms:

• Weakness
• lethargy
• Unconsciousness
• Slow breathing
• Slow heartbeat
• Pale mucous membranes

To measure your dog's exact body temperature, you need a thermometer that you insert rectally. Although this is not very comfortable for your dog, it is the safest method. You can also try taking the temperature under the armpits or in the loin area, but this is less accurate.

How can I help my dog if he has cold extremities?

If your dog has cold extremities, you should first try to find out if he is cold or hypothermic. If he is just cold, you can offer him the following measures to warm him up again:

• Give him a warm blanket or pillow to lie on.
• Put a dog coat or winter booties on him when he goes outside.
• Reduce the length of walks in cold weather and make sure he gets enough exercise.
• Offer him warm water or broth to keep him hydrated.
• Feed him high-quality food that gives him enough energy.

If your dog is hypothermic, you should take him to the vet as soon as possible. Until then, you can offer him the following first aid measures to stabilize his condition:

• Wrap him in a warm blanket or towel that you have previously warmed with a hairdryer or hot water bottle. Make sure that you don't cover his head and that he can still breathe.
• Gently rub his extremities to stimulate blood circulation. Avoid too much pressure or massage, however, as this could loosen blood clots.
• Do not give him alcohol or medication that could further lower his temperature.
• Do not give him food or water until he has been examined by a vet.

How can I prevent cold extremities in my dog?

To prevent your dog from getting cold extremities, you should follow these tips:

• Pay attention to your dog's needs depending on their breed, age and health. Some dogs need more protection from the cold than others.
• Keep your house warm and dry, especially if your dog spends a lot of time indoors. Avoid draughts and ensure good insulation.
• Groom your dog's coat regularly to avoid matting or parasites. Don't cut the coat too short, however, as it forms an important protective layer.
• Have your dog checked regularly by a vet to detect and treat any illnesses or injuries at an early stage.
• Provide your dog with a balanced diet and enough exercise to strengthen its immune system and stimulate its metabolism.