Cardiac arrest

Causes of cardiac arrest

There are many possible causes of cardiac arrest in dogs. Some of these are

• Heart disease, such as heart valve defects, myocarditis or cardiac arrhythmia
• Poisoning, for example by chocolate, rat poison or medication
• Suffocation, for example due to a foreign body in the windpipe or an allergic reaction
• Electric shock, for example from lightning or an electric fence
• Trauma, for example due to a car accident or a fall
• Heat stroke, for example due to too high temperatures or too little water

Symptoms of a cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest is often difficult to recognize as it can occur suddenly and without warning. Some signs that may indicate a cardiac arrest are

• Unconsciousness or collapse
• No pulse or heartbeat
• No breathing or breathing sounds
• Dilated pupils
• Pale or blue mucous membranes
• Convulsions or twitching

First aid for cardiac arrest

If you suspect that your dog is in cardiac arrest, you should act immediately. Every second counts to ensure your dog's survival. Follow these steps:

1. Check your dog's vital signs. Feel for a pulse on the inside of the thigh and put an ear to the chest to listen to the heartbeat. Observe the breathing and the color of the mucous membranes.
2. If you cannot detect a pulse or heartbeat, start chest compressions. Lay your dog on its right side and place your hands on top of each other on the left side of the chest, approximately halfway between the front legs. Apply firm pressure to the chest with both hands about 100 to 120 times per minute. The depth of the compression should be about one third to one half of the diameter of the rib cage.
3. If your dog is not breathing, perform artificial respiration. Keep your dog's mouth closed and blow air into his nose every two to three seconds. Observe the chest to see if it rises and falls.
4. Alternate between chest compressions and artificial respiration every two minutes. Keep checking your dog's vital signs in between.
5. Take your dog to the vet as soon as possible. Even if he regains consciousness, he still needs medical care.

Prevention of cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest is not always preventable, but you can take some measures to reduce the risk. These include:

• Have your dog checked regularly by a vet, especially if they are older or have a known heart condition.
• Keep your dog away from toxic substances and store them safely.
• Make sure your dog always has enough water and does not get overheated.
• Avoid letting your dog sniff electrical devices or fences.
• Train your dog on a harness or lead to protect him from sudden movements or bumps.